The Biodiversity of Eravikulam National Park

Nestled in the lush folds of Kerala’s Western Ghats, Eravikulam National Park stands as a magnificent testament to India’s rich ecological heritage. This stunning expanse of wilderness, located just a short drive from Munnar, is one of the most biologically diverse areas in South India. Known not only for its breathtaking landscapes and mist-kissed valleys but also for its incredible variety of flora and fauna, the park plays a crucial role in wildlife conservation and eco-tourism in Kerala.

In this blog, we delve into the biodiversity of Eravikulam National Park, understand what makes it so unique, explore its geographical importance, and highlight why it continues to attract nature lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, researchers, and eco-conscious travelers from across the globe.

Where is Eravikulam National Park Located?

Eravikulam National Park is located in the Idukki district of Kerala, about 13 kilometers from Munnar town. Spanning over 97 square kilometers, the park lies at an altitude ranging from 1,200 to 2,695 meters above sea level. The park’s highest peak, Anamudi, also happens to be the tallest mountain in South India, towering at 2,695 meters.

Moreover, Eravikulam is part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the eight “hottest hotspots” of biodiversity in the world. Its geographic positioning, elevation, and climate conditions create the perfect recipe for a vibrant and delicate ecosystem.

Biodiversity in Eravikulam National Park: An Overview

The biodiversity of Eravikulam National Park is nothing short of spectacular. It is home to:

• 132 species of birds

• 101 species of butterflies

• 26 species of mammals

• 19 species of amphibians

• Over 750 species of flowering plants

1. Fauna: The Wildlife Wonders

First and foremost, Eravikulam is most famous for being the last natural habitat of the endangered Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), a mountain goat species endemic to the Western Ghats. What’s more, nearly 700 individuals of this rare species roam freely across the park’s grassy slopes.

Besides the Nilgiri Tahr, the park is also home to:

• Indian Muntjac (Barking Deer)

• Sambar Deer

• Dusky-striped Squirrel

• Small Clawed Otters

• Indian Porcupine

• Nilgiri Langur

• Leopard (rarely seen)

Equally important is the birdlife found here. The park hosts various endemic and migratory birds, such as:

• Black and Orange Flycatcher

• Nilgiri Wood Pigeon

• White-bellied Shortwing

• Kerala Laughingthrush

And then there’s the butterfly population—Eravikulam is famous for rare species like the Red Disc Bushbrown and Palni Four-ring, many of which are endemic to the region.

2. Flora: Nature’s Green Canvas

Furthermore, the park’s vegetation is equally captivating. Eravikulam’s shola-grassland ecosystem is typical of the higher altitudes in the Western Ghats. You’ll find rolling grasslands interspersed with dense shola forests nestled in valleys.

In addition, flowering plants such as Strobilanthes kunthiana, locally known as Neelakurinji, bloom once every 12 years, turning the hills into a sea of purple-blue—a phenomenon last seen in 2018 and expected again in 2030.

Moreover, the park contains many species of medicinal herbs, orchids, mosses, and lichens that contribute to the ecological balance and scientific research value of the region.

Why Is Biodiversity So High in Eravikulam National Park?

There are several reasons why the biodiversity in Eravikulam National Park is so remarkably rich.

1. Unique Climate and Elevation

First, the park’s elevation and terrain provide a cool, moist climate year-round. This microclimate supports the growth of species that would not thrive in the lower, tropical forests of Kerala.

2. Shola-Grassland Ecosystem

Second, the mosaic of shola forests and montane grasslands supports both forest-dwelling and grassland species, increasing ecological variety. These ecosystems are rare and found only in the Southern Western Ghats.

3. Minimal Human Intervention

Next, Eravikulam has been a protected area since 1978. This designation, followed by its elevation to National Park status in 1978, has ensured that human activities like logging, grazing, or agriculture are prohibited, allowing ecosystems to flourish undisturbed.

4. Geographic Isolation

Further, the park’s isolation from dense human settlements has led to the evolution of endemic species—plants and animals that exist nowhere else on Earth.

The Role of Eravikulam in Conservation and Eco-tourism

Besides being a biodiversity hotspot, Eravikulam National Park plays a vital role in wildlife conservation and eco-tourism in Munnar.

Eco-Tourism Opportunities

Visitors can enjoy guided safaris, treks, and nature education programs conducted by the Kerala Forest Department. The Rajamalai region, the tourism zone of the park, allows tourists to view Nilgiri Tahr and panoramic vistas from the Anamudi slopes.

What’s more, these activities are designed with minimal ecological impact, making the park a model for sustainable tourism in India.

Scientific Research

Moreover, researchers from across the country visit Eravikulam to study climate change, habitat fragmentation, and species adaptation, especially in response to the rapidly changing weather patterns in the Western Ghats.

When to Visit Eravikulam National Park

The best time to visit Eravikulam National Park is from September to March, when the climate is cool and conducive for wildlife spotting and hiking. The park remains closed during the monsoon season (June to August) and Nilgiri Tahr calving season (February to March) to ensure minimal disturbance.

How to Reach Eravikulam National Park

• Nearest Town: Munnar (13 km away)

• Nearest Airport: Cochin International Airport (120 km)

• Nearest Railway Station: Aluva Railway Station (120 km)

• By Road: Easily accessible via buses and taxis from Munnar and Kochi.

Conclusion: A Living Treasure Trove

Lastly, Eravikulam National Park isn’t just a tourist attraction—it’s a living, breathing sanctuary for thousands of species that depend on its unique ecosystem. Its biodiversity, conservation importance, and stunning landscapes make it one of India’s most precious natural reserves.

Whether you’re a wildlife photographer, a biodiversity researcher, or a casual nature lover, visiting Eravikulam is an opportunity to witness the unparalleled richness of the Western Ghats.

So, the next time you plan your trip to Munnar, make sure to explore Eravikulam—where nature paints its most vibrant portrait and every step tells a story of evolution, survival, and harmony.